作者: Stein, Elizabeth A；Kellam；Marisa
来源: Communication. Jan-Mar2014, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p25-52. 28p.
2 Black and White Photographs, 5 Charts. Political
摘要: 本文探讨了在拉丁美洲，媒体和政党问责机制如何影响总统议程。作者认为当反对党和自由媒体在选举中帮助公民监督总统负责时，会增加在强总统制中的响应性。总统们为了与一个统一、意识形态上对立且有效的制约力量进行抗衡，他们转向具有广泛的吸引力且他们能更大程度掌控的议题。一个自由的媒体——没有显著的经济、法律或者政治约束的媒体，向总统施压，促使其回应选民关心的问题，包括由于激励性的新闻消息和媒体议程设置的力量受到关注的犯罪和腐败问题。通过分析18个国家超过50个的总统任期，作者发现当拉丁美洲国家的总统在面对自由竞争的媒体和强大的立法对立时，谋杀率和可感知腐败程度往往是较低的。因而，这份研究认为改善媒体的或者党派环境，亦或者两者兼具，将有助于解决拉美地区的财政赤字，促进该地区的良好治理。
关键词：责任制；腐败；犯罪；拉丁美洲；媒介自由
Programming Presidential Agendas: Partisan and Media
Environments That Lead Presidents to Fight Crime and Corruption
Authors: Stein, Elizabeth A；Kellam；Marisa
Source: Communication. Jan-Mar2014, Vol. 31
Issue 1, p25-52. 28p. 2 Black and White Photographs, 5 Charts. Political
Abstract: This article examines how media and
partisan mechanisms of accountability influence presidential agendas in Latin
America. The authors argue that responsiveness increases in powerful
presidential systems when opposition parties and free media help citizens hold
presidents accountable between elections. Where presidents must
contend with a cohesive, ideological opposition and effective constraints to
their power, they turn to valence issues with broad appeal and over which they
have greater control. A free media—one without significant economic, legal,
or political constraints—pressures the president to respond to the
electorate's concerns, which include crime and corruption due to the
incentives that motivate news content and the media's agenda-setting powers.
Analyzing more than 50 presidential terms across 18 countries, the authors show
that when Latin American presidents face either free and competitive media or
strong legislative oppositions, homicide rates and the level of
perceived corruption tend to be lower. Thus, this study proposes that
efforts to improve media or partisan environments, or both, would help address
Latin America's accountability deficit and promote good governance in the
region.
Key Words: accountability；corruption；crime；Latin America；media freedom
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